Foreign currency invoice in Poland 2026: which NBP rate and VAT in PLN

You can issue an invoice in euro, dollars or any other currency, but the VAT amount must also be shown in złoty (art. 106e ust. 11 of the VAT Act). You convert it at the NBP average rate of the last working day before the tax point, which is usually the day before the supply of goods or services, not the day before the invoice date (art. 31a ust. 1 of the VAT Act).

Law as of 18 October 2026.

The rate from the day before the invoice date applies only when the invoice comes before the supply or when the tax point is the invoice itself. Below: how to pick the rate day, how to convert VAT, what happens with corrections and advances, how to fill in the currency fields in KSeF, and how a company accounts for exchange differences in CIT.

Which NBP rate: the rate day in five situations

Take the rate from NBP table A, which the bank publishes every working day between 11:45 and 12:15. Rates for less common currencies are in table B, published on Wednesdays. The buying and selling rates in table C are not used to convert VAT.

Step by step: VAT in złoty on a currency invoice

1. Find the tax point. Usually it is the day goods are supplied or a service is performed (art. 19a ust. 1 of the VAT Act).
2. Check whether the invoice comes earlier. If it does, the invoice date counts (art. 31a ust. 2). In KSeF the invoice date is the day the invoice is sent to the system (art. 106na ust. 1).
3. Go back to the last working day before that day. For a supply on Monday that is usually Friday; after a public holiday it is the last working day before the holiday.
4. Read that day's average rate for the currency in NBP table A and note the table number.
5. Convert the tax: VAT in the currency times the rate. Round to the full grosz: fractions below 0.5 grosz are dropped, from 0.5 grosz rounded up (art. 106e ust. 11).
6. Show the VAT in złoty on the invoice. Net and gross amounts can stay in the foreign currency. Adding the rate and the NBP table number makes the invoice easier to check.

The free NBP rate calculator for invoices shows the rate day, the table number and the conversion. You enter the supply date, the invoice date and the amount, with no account.

Example: a 10,000 EUR net service for a Polish company

A sp. z o.o. finishes a service on Monday 12 October 2026 and issues the invoice on Thursday 15 October: 10,000 EUR net, 23% VAT. The tax point is 12 October, so the rate is Friday 9 October: table 197/A/NBP/2026, 1 EUR = 4.3775 zł.

Had the company used the rate from the day before the invoice date (14 October, table 200/A/NBP/2026, 4.3706 zł), it would have shown VAT of 10,052.38 zł, 15.87 zł too little. The amount is small, but the error repeats on every invoice and needs a JPK_V7 correction.

Other ways to convert: the ECB rate and the income tax rules

The VAT Act allows two alternatives to the NBP rate:

• The European Central Bank rate of the last day before the tax point. Currencies other than the euro are converted through their rate against the euro (art. 31a ust. 1, second sentence).
• The income tax rules you apply to the same transaction (art. 31a ust. 2a). Once chosen, you must use this method for at least 12 consecutive months, and after giving it up, return to the general rules for the next 12 months (art. 31a ust. 2b and 2c).

The second option helps if you want one rate for VAT and CIT. In a typical sale with the invoice and payment after the supply, both taxes lead to the same rate day anyway.

Correcting a currency invoice

When the price, a discount or the quantity changes after the supply, you convert the difference at the same rate you used on the original invoice (art. 31b ust. 1 of the VAT Act). You do not look up a new rate for the correction date.

The exception is a collective correction invoice granting one buyer a discount for a period (art. 106j ust. 3). For it you may choose the NBP or ECB rate of the day before the correction is issued (art. 31b ust. 2). If you use the income tax rules, art. 31b ust. 1 and 2 do not apply (art. 31b ust. 4).

An advance in a foreign currency

For an advance the tax point is the day it is received (art. 19a ust. 8 of the VAT Act), so you convert the VAT on the advance at the rate of the last working day before the money arrives. If you issue the advance invoice before the payment, the rate from the day before that invoice counts. On the final invoice you convert only the part the advance did not cover, at the rate for that part.

Currency invoices in KSeF

The FA(3) structure has separate currency fields. According to the Ministry of Finance information sheet on the FA(3) structure (March 2026):

• KodWaluty: the three-letter ISO 4217 code, such as EUR or USD ("PLN" for an invoice in złoty).
• P_14_1W (and the matching fields for other rates): the VAT amount converted into złoty. P_14_1 holds the VAT in the invoice currency.
• KursWaluty: the rate used to calculate the tax, given on the invoice line, to 6 decimal places.

In the free KSeF taxpayer app (Aplikacja Podatnika KSeF) you issue a currency invoice in the extended form, because the short form covers ordinary domestic sales. The steps are in how to issue a KSeF invoice for free.

Split payment on a currency invoice

The 15,000 zł threshold for mandatory split payment (goods and services in annex 15) is checked after converting the gross amount by the same rules as the tax base (art. 108a ust. 1a of the VAT Act). A split payment is always made in złoty (art. 108a ust. 3), so the buyer transfers the VAT amount in PLN to the seller's VAT account.

The rate in CIT and in the company's books

CIT revenue. A company converts revenue in a foreign currency at the NBP average rate of the last working day before the revenue day (art. 12 ust. 2 of the CIT Act). The revenue day is the day of supply or service, but no later than the invoice date or payment (art. 12 ust. 3a). For services billed in periods it is the last day of the billing period (art. 12 ust. 3c). A JDG applies the same rule in PIT (art. 11a ust. 1 of the PIT Act).

Exchange differences. By the time the client pays, the rate has moved. The difference between the revenue converted at the NBP rate and its value on the payment day at the rate actually applied (for example when the bank converts the money) is a positive or negative exchange difference (art. 15a ust. 2 and 3 of the CIT Act). When there is no rate actually applied, because the money lands in a currency account, you take the NBP average rate of the last working day before the day of receipt (art. 15a ust. 4).

Example: a company performs a service for a German client on 12 October 2026 for 10,000 EUR. Revenue is 43,775.00 zł (rate 4.3775 of 9 October). The client pays on 16 October into a euro account; the rate of 15 October is 4.3691 zł, so the receipt is worth 43,691.00 zł. The company records a negative exchange difference of 84.00 zł, which is a cost.

Accounting books. In the books, currency transactions are recorded at the rate actually applied when currency is exchanged or a payment is made, or otherwise at the NBP average rate of the day before the transaction (art. 30 ust. 2 of the Accounting Act). At the balance sheet date, receivables and liabilities in a currency are valued at that day's NBP average rate (art. 30 ust. 1). A company whose financial statements are audited may set exchange differences for CIT under the accounting rules for at least three years (art. 9b of the CIT Act).

How Norman helps

Norman runs the books for a sp. z o.o. or a JDG in Poland: you issue invoices in PLN, purchase invoices come in from KSeF, and bank payments are matched to documents. Norman prepares the JPK_V7 file; you check it and send it. Find the right NBP rate for every currency invoice for free and without an account in the NBP rate calculator for invoices, and read more about Norman on the home page.

Frequently asked questions

Can I invoice a Polish company in euro?

Yes. The law does not forbid foreign currency invoices, including domestic sales. The VAT amount must still be shown in złoty (art. 106e ust. 11 of the VAT Act).

The rate from the day before the supply or before the invoice date?

The rule is the rate of the last working day before the tax point, usually before the supply. You use the rate from the day before the invoice date when the invoice comes before the supply (art. 31a ust. 2 of the VAT Act).

Which rate if the supply was on a Monday?

Friday's rate, because Friday is the last working day before Monday. If Friday was a public holiday, go back to Thursday.

Do I take a new rate when correcting a currency invoice?

No. You convert the difference at the rate on the original invoice (art. 31b ust. 1 of the VAT Act). The exception is a collective discount correction for a period, where you may use the rate of the day before the correction is issued.

Can I use my bank's rate?

Not for VAT. The law allows the NBP average rate, the ECB rate or the income tax rules. The rate your bank actually applied matters only for exchange differences in CIT and in the books.